US+History+I+36

=__KEY EVENTS BEFORE/DURING US CIVIL WAR__= A. Missouri Compromise(1820) B. South Carolina Nullification Crisis(1832-1833) C. Wilmot Proviso (1846) D. Compromise of 1850 E. Publication of Harriet Beecher Stowe's //Uncle Tom's Cabin// (1851-1852) F. the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) G. the Dred Scott Supreme Court case (1857) H. the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858) I. John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859) J. the election of Abraham Lincoln (1860)

__Missouri Compromise (1820)__
__-Issue:__ -Missouri Territory, part of the Louisiana Purchase, applied for admisison into the Union as a slave state. This would have upset the balance of 11 free states and 11 slave states and would have given the South control over the Senate -__Compromise:__ -Maine seperated from Massachusetts and entered the Union as a free state -Missouri entered as a slave state -All other territories in the Louisiana Purchase north of 36'30 parrallel were closed to slavery ( Nina Lessin-Joseph)

__South Carolina Nullification Crisis (1832-1833)__
In 1832 a new tariff law provided only modestly lower rates than the Tariff of Abominations. SC passed an Ordinance Of Nullification, voiding the 1832 tariff and threatening secession if the federal government attempted to collect tariff duties within SC. President Andrew Jackson warned that nullification is "incompatible with the exsistence of the Union" and asked Congress to pass a Force Bill empowering him to enforce the nation's tariff law in SC by utilizing the arm and navy if neccessary. SC didn't recieve support from any other southern states and so Henry Clay introduced a Compromise Tariff, which provided for a gradual reduction of rates over a ten-year period to the level of the Tariff of 1816. What ended up happening, SC withdrew from the ordinace but then nullified the force act; //nothing was solved in terms of the basic states rights and nullification, the pull for power between the federal and state goverment.//

__Wilmot Proviso (1846)__
In 1846 a bill was passed by the House of Representatives that granted President Polk the ability to negotiate, with Mexico, a territorial settlement for 2million dollars. David Wilmot, a Pennsylvanian Representative, added a amendment to this bill that stated all of the land acquired from Mexico should not be open to slavery. While passed in the House, the bill was never voted on in the Senate. [|Wilmot Proviso]

__Kansas Nebraska Act__
It create new “land” that could be settled by Americans. Slavery would or could be allowed in the territories based on a popular vote. Many thought that it should be based on the Missouri comprise not division at the 40th parallel.


 * **Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)**

In January 1854, Senator Stephen Douglas introduced a bill that divided the land west of Missouri into two territories, Kansas and Nebraska. He argued for popular sovereignty, which would allow the settlers of the new territories to decide if slavery would be legal there. Antislavery supporters were outraged because, under the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, slavery would have been outlawed in both territories. After months of debate, the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed on May 30, 1854. Pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers rushed to Kansas, each side hoping to determine the results of the first election held after the law went into effect. The conflict turned violent, aggravating the split between North and South until reconciliation was virtually impossible. Opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act helped found the Republican Party, which opposed the spread of slavery into the territories. As a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the United States moved closer to Civil War. || Retrieved April 21, 2007, Web site: http://www.ourdocuments.gov/print_friendly.php?flash=true&page=&doc=28&title=Kansas-Nebraska+Act+%281854%29 [|Gov't Documents] [|KS/NE Act]

__Dred Scott Supreme Court__
This was an important case because it determined that all peoples of African descent be it free or slaves could not be US citizens. Dred Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom. His master had moved from a slave state to a free state which set about this case when his master died. They were uncertain if they were still slaves or not. The Supreme Court's ruling went against Scott, and the verdict set the precedent that African people were legally considered to not be people and therefore could not be US citizens. [|Dred Scott]

__Lincoln-Douglas Debates__
These were informal debates between candidates for the Illinois Senate seat in the 1858. The series of debates took place all over the state of Illinois. The debates pitted the Democratic (Douglas) and the Republican (Lincoln) candidates against each other. One believed in States' rights and slavery and the other believed in the abolition of slavery and the power of a federal government over the individual states. This style of debating would set a precedent for future United States Presidential debates. [|Lincoln?Douglas] [|Civil War]

__John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry__
John Brown was a white abolitionist from Kansas, who along with his followers stormed the town of Harper’s Ferry and took some of its leaders hostage. He did this in attempt to lead a slave revolt among the Southern slaves. He was trying to show the division of states based on slavery. Harper’s Ferry, VA along with Springfield,MA were named the sites of National Armories by President Washington. This is why he went to Harper's Ferry, to get arms to aid in the revolt.The incident resulted in himself and his followers being publicly hanged. To the Southerners, Brown was a terrifying madman who wanted to disrupt their peaceful way of life. To Northerners, he became somewhat of a hero, and a martyr who symbolized the abolitionist movement. This created the song "John Brown's Body", which was popular among Union troops and was a motivator among the army camps to fight for abolition as John Brown had done. [|John Brown]

__Election of Abraham Lincoln (1860)__
The election of Abraham Lincoln the first time was in a race against Douglas. It was a large win during the state of the Civil War and would lead to the succession of the South from the Union in order to keep slavery. Because Lincoln had advocated for the rights of the nation over the state (the United States over the power of any one state), the South, which largely believed in States' rights, resolved to secede from the Union. This secession, long overdue from the tension between the Northern and Southern United States, prompted the five year struggle that we now know as the American Civil War. [|Lincoln]