Youth+Activism+in+History

** “One child, one teacher, one book, and one pen, can change the **** world.” **

 *  MALALA YOUSAFZAI **


 * [|100 Years of Youth-Led Social Activism] from the Center for Community Change**


 * Global Nonviolent Action Database**


 * [[image:Multimedia.png link="@https://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=4571"]]We Had Sneakers, They Had Guns: The Kids Who Fought for Civil Liberties, Library of Congress, 2009**


 * 10 Ways Youth Can Engage in Activism,** Anti-Defamation League


 * [[image:Screen Shot 2017-03-19 at 11.31.41 AM.png link="@http://ncac.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Student-Protest-Rights.pdf"]]First Amendment Rights for Student Protestors**

**Youth Activism in United States History**

 * **The Lowell Mill Girls, 1830s**
 * The Lowell Mill Girls Go on Strike, 1834
 * Harriet Robinson: Lowell Mill Girl
 * **Teenage Soldiers in the Civil War, 1861-1865**
 * The Boys of War: Portraits of Children Who Served in the War
 * The Boys' War: Confederate and Union Soldiers Talk About the Ciivl War, Jim Murphy (1993)
 * At Gettysburg: What A Girl Saw and Heard at the Battle, Tillie Pierce, 1889


 * **The March of the Mill Children, 1903**
 * Philadephia Mill Children March Against Child Labor Exploitation, 1903, Global NonViolent Action Database, Swarthmore College
 * See Influential Biography page on Mother Jones
 * On Our Way to Oyster Bay: Mother Jones and Her March for Children's Rights


 * **Newsboys Strike of 1899**
 * Extra! Extra! Read All About the Newsboys Strike of 1899
 * Blast from the Past: Newsboy Strike of 1899


 * **The American Youth Congress, 1934**
 * Background on the American Youth Congress from Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project
 * Why I Still Believe in the Youth Congress by Eleanor Roosevelt, April 1940
 * The Declaration of the Rights of American Youth, American Youth Congress, July 4, 1936


 * **Port Chicago Mutiny and the Port Chicago 50, 1944**
 * Port Chicago Mutiny
 * Author Steve Sheinkin discusses his book about the event
 * Thurgood Marshall was an attorney for the defendants
 * President Clinton pardoned the last remaining member of the Port Chicago 50 in 1994


 * **//Mendez v. Westminster//, 1947**
 * Case Summary
 * The Lasting Impact of Mendez v. Westminster in the Struggle for Desegregation


 * **Barbara Rose Johns and the Morton School Strike, 1951**
 * Morton School Strike and Prince Edward County School Closings.
 * Historians cite this event as the start of school desegregation movement in America. The resulting court case was bundled into the //Brown v. Board of Education// case.
 * Barbara Rose Johns Powell Biography
 * The Girl from the Tar Paper School: Barbara Rose Johns and the Advent of the Civil Rights Movement


 * **The Little Rock Nine, 1957**
 * Little Rock School Desegregation


 * **The Greensboro Sit-Ins**
 * Sitting for Justice: Woolworth's Lunch Counter


 * **Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (Founded 1960)**
 * Background on SNCC


 * **The Birmingham Children's Crusade, 1963**
 * [|How the Children of Birmingham Changed the Civil Rights Movement]


 * **Tinker v. Des Moines, 1965**
 * In this case the Supreme Court ruled that school students are persons under the constitution; school officials do not possess absolute authority over their students
 * Supreme Court Case Summary


 * **Students for A Democratic Society (SDS), 1960s**
 * Largest radical student organization in the 1960s
 * Links to Resources from SDS and other organizations
 * **Berkeley Free Speech Movement, 1964-1965**
 * Free Speech Movement and the New American Left
 * Clips from Decision in the Streets by Harvey Richards on YouTube
 * Berkeley Fight for Free Speech Fired Up Student Protest Movement


 * **School Girls Unite, 2004 to Present**
 * Brief History of an Historic Youth-Led Campaign
 * **Dakota Access Pipeline Protests, 2016**
 * **Youth Activism and the Dakota Access Pipeline, The Choices Program, Brown University**

21 Children Are Suing Donald Trump Over Climate Change, and the Government is Not Happy


 * Individual Activists and Change Makers in United States and World History**


 * **Sacajawea (1804-1806)**
 * See Grade 5.30 for information about Sacajawea and the Lewis & Clark Expedition


 * **Ida B. Wells**
 * Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Her Passion for Justice
 * She was 22 years-old in 1884 when she refused to give up her seat to a White man on a railroad train and move to the Jim Crow car.
 * She became an activist, journalist and anti-lynching crusader




 * **Ruby Bridges, 1960**
 * Ruby Bridges Goes to School


 * **Jim Thorpe**
 * Jim Thorpe's Olympic Medals are Restored, 1982


 * **Louis Braille**
 * Louis Braille is Born, January 4, 1809
 * The Story of Louis Braille




 * **The White Rose Movement, 1942-1943**
 * The White Rose, United States Holocaust Museum
 * Sophie Scholl and the White Rose Movement