USG.3.2

=Identify and describe provisions of the United States Constitution and the Massachusetts Constitution that define and distribute powers and authority of the federal or state government. =

Federalism

 * Idea that a central governing body, is divided between other provincial state governments
 * Combination in which power to govern is shared by both the National and state governments
 * Minting Money is a Power Reserved for the Federal Government

Click here for a Crash Course video that explores the structure of National and State government, and concurrent powers. [|What is Federalism] lesson plan.

=U.S. Constitution: Powers of Federal Government=

Article I Section 8: Powers of Congress = = Gives Congress power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises as well as give Congress the power to pay debts, and provide common defense and general welfare for the United States.

All duties, imposts, and excises must be the same throughout the United States

"Congress shall have Power … To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof." (http://usgovinfo.about.com/od/uscongress/a/congpowers.htm)

The 10th Amendment of the United States Constitution declares that "The powers not delegated to the United States [federal government] by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." This remains a fundamental Constitutional provision that gives more power to the States.



Image displays powers given to state and federal government.

> = =
 * Powers Reserved for the Federal Government**
 * Regulate foreign commerce
 * Regulate interstate commerce
 * Regulate naturalization and immigration
 * Grant copyrights and patents
 * Mint money
 * Create and establish post offices
 * Admit new states
 * Declare and wage war, declare peace
 * Fix standards for weights and measures
 * Raise and maintain an army and a navy
 * Govern the federal city (Washington D.C.)
 * Conduct relations with foreign powers
 * Universalize bankruptcy laws


 * Restrictions on Federal Government Powers**
 * No ex post facto
 * No bills of attainder
 * Two-year limit on appropriation for the military
 * One port may not be favored over another
 * All guarantees as stated in Bill of Rights
 * [|Ted Ed] video describing the Bill of Rights
 * No suspension of habeas corpus, unless it is a time of crisis

Amendment X of the Constitution: Rights of the States under the Constitution ( Part of Bill of Rights)
 * "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people"

=Massachusetts Constitution: State Government Powers= = =


 * Powers Reserved for the State Governments**
 * Establish voter qualifications
 * Provide for local governments
 * Regulate intrastate commerce
 * Provide education for its citizens
 * Maintain police power over public health and safety
 * Conduct and monitor elections
 * Maintain integrity of state borders
 * Regulate contracts and wills


 * Restrictions on State Government Powers**
 * Treaties, alliances, or confederations may not be entered into
 * Letters of marque and reprisal may not be granted
 * Contracts not impaired
 * Money may not be printed or bills of credit given out
 * No import or export taxes
 * May not wage war, unless a state is invaded

[|Massachusetts Constitution (1780)] - Established the creation of a two branch state government, the House and the Senate

[|Claim Your Powers] activity. This activity reinforces the distinctions between state and federal government.

The separation of Federal and State powers has an interesting influence on each tier's court system.

In the case of //Obergefell v. Hodges// (2015), federal government's and state government's role in marriage equality came into question.

[|Women in the Federal Government] is a report from 2011. It states that although women are more represented in the federal government than 1992, it is still not representative of women as a whole.

[|5 Women Who Shaped Massachusetts Politics] in the Massachusetts state government.

Selected Works Cited: http://usgovinfo.about.com/od/uscongress/a/congpowers.htm http://www.usconstitution.net/xconst_A1Sec8.html http://www.nhinet.org/ccs/docs/ma-1780.html