Co-Constructing



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=**Student Inquiry, Digital Literacy and Collaborative Learning in Flipped Classrooms**=


 * Topics **
 * Co-Constructing Knowledge with Technology **
 * Identifying Fake News **
 * ** Historical Examples of Fake News **
 * ** The Great Moon Hoax **
 * ** Confederate Black Soldiers **
 * ** Yellow Journalism **
 * ** The War of the Worlds **
 * ** The Malmedy Massacre **
 * Fact Checkers and How to Distinguish Credible from Unreliable Resources **
 * ** Website Evaluation Strategies **
 * Flipped Classrooms **
 * Wikis as a Teaching Technology **
 * Twitter in the Classroom **
 * Polls and Surveys **
 * ** Backchannels **

**Co-Constructing Knowledge with Technology**

 * Internet Live Stats**

Delivering on the Promise of STEAM, Nigel Counts (August 28, 2016)

[|The Web We Need to Give Students] This article proposes that students need to given the opportunity to construct and manage their own online domain to assert voice and agency with technology for learning.
 * For more on this concept, see the [|Domain of One's Own Initiative]at the University of Mary Washington

[|What Does Research Really Say About iPads in the Classroom,] e-School News, February, 2016

[|Our Choice by Al Gore: A Next-Generation Digital Book]

**See United States History II.30 for historical background on the development of technology in the late 20th century.**

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**Identifying Fake News**


 * Stanford Study Finds Most Students Vulnerable to Fake News, NPR (November 22, 2016)**
 * **Go here for Executive Summary: Evaluating Information: The Cornerstone of Online Civic Reasoning**

How Do Fake News Sites Make Money, BBC News

How Facebook's News Feed can be Fooled into Spreading Misinformation, PBS NewsHour

**We Tracked Down a Fake News Creator in the Suburbs. Here's What We Learned, All Tech Considered (November 23, 2016)**

The Fake News Fallacy, The New Yorker (September 4, 2017)

"Algorithms are able to "tweak the content viewers receive on an individual basis, without being visible," Zeynep Tufekei, "Algorithmic Harms Beyond Facebook and Google: Emergent Challenges of Computational Agency. //Colorado Technology Law Journal//, 2015, p. 209.
 * How YouTube is Changing Our Viewing Habits, NPR (March 4, 2017)** Interview with Professor Zeynep Tufekei, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
 * People watch 1 billion hours of video on YouTube every day
 * YouTube has algorithms designed to recommend videos it thinks you will enjoy
 * Recommendations tend to push to the extremes of the political spectrum
 * A Donald Trump rally video will generate recommendation for white supremacist conspiracy videos
 * Extremists rely on the recommendation engine to draw more viewers to their materials

Historical Examples of Fake News
The Long and Brutal History of Fake News, //Politico// (December 18, 2016)

The True History of Fake News, Robert Darnton, The New York Review of Books

Benjamin Franklin's Supplement to the Boston Independent Chronicle, 1782, from the National Archives 6 Fake News Stories in Real History
 * Franklin wrote a hoax supplement charging Native Americans in partnership with England with committing violence against colonists


 * **The Great Moon Hoax (1835) by the //New York Sun// newspaper**
 * Today in Science: Great Moon Hoax from Earth/Sky


 * **Confederate Black Soldiers**
 * No reputable historian has found evidence that African Americans fought for the Confederate army during the Civil War
 * Link to The Remedy for the Spread of Fake News: History Teachers, Smithsonian Magazine


 * **Yellow Journalism 1895-1898**


 * **The War of the Worlds 1938**
 * Reports of mass hysteria were largely untrue, but newspapers played up that aspect of the story in an effort to discredit radio as a news source


 * **The World War II Malmedy Massacre**
 * Senator Joseph McCarthy had a role in false accusations of a massacre of American soldiers during the Battle of the Bulge

Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election. Hunt Allcott & Matthew Gentzhow, Journal of Economic Perspectives (Spring 2017)

** Fact Checkers and How to Distinguish Credible from Unreliable Resources **

 * Fact Checker: The Truth Behind the Rhetoric, //The Washington Post// **


 * Spotting Bogus News, FactCheck.org's site for dispelling fake news, "Don't Get Spun by Internet Rumors"**


 * Beyond the Truth-O-Meter, Politifact**

More Resources for Reliable Information
 * Open Secrets.org, Center for Responsive Politics
 * Right Wing Watch, People for the American Way
 * Fact Check.org, Annenberg Public Policy Center
 * Fact Check.org's Viral Spiral page
 * Pew Research Center
 * FAIR (Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting)


 * ** Snopes.com **
 * ** Melissa Zimdars’ List Of Fake News Sites **
 * **On The Media Fake News Handbook**
 * **Poynter’s Tips For Debunking Fake News**
 * **TinEye Reverse Image Search**

Factitious, an online game where you see if you can separate fake from real news, from American University Game Lab
 * To Test Your Fake News Judgment, Play This Game, NPR (July 3, 2017)


 * **How Do Fake News Sites Make Money**
 * **False News Election Video about Hillary Clinton from Team Trump**


 * A Fake News Vocabulary List, Teaching Tolerance (Fall 2017)**


 * For Ed Tech Company Newsela, Fake News is a Big Challenge and Opportunity**
 * **Did Fake News Influence the Outcome of Election 2016? PBS Newshour**
 * **Fighting Fake News, KQED News**
 * **Fake News: A Library Resource Round-Up**


 * Kids See Racial and Gender Bias in the News and Prefer to Get News Through Social Media (THE Journal, March 2017)**


 * Best News Sources for Kids, Common Sense Media**

Conducting Research-Based Projects in Elementary Grades with Safety in Mind, THE Journal (July 26, 2017)

See Internet Research on TransformingTech wiki

[|The 5 Ws of Website Evaluation:] Who, What, When, Where and Why

[|Website Evaluation Guide:] Examples of Sites That Are Credible, Maybe Credible, Not Credible from Matanuska-Susitna Borough School District, Palmer, Arkansas

[|How to Determine a Website's Credibility] from the Global Digital Citizen Foundation

**Hoax Websites**
See [|Save the Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus] for a hoax website

[|11 Hilarious Hoax Sites to Test Website Evaluation] from the TeachBytes blog.

This site includes a link to the [|Checklist for Evaluating Websites] from the University of Southern Maine.

[|Beware Online "Filter Bubbles"], Eli Pariser TED Talk (May 2011)

[|What Are the Best Kinds of Social Media for Teens?] from Common Sense Media

====[|H-Bot Historical Fact Finder] from Center for History and New Media at George Mason University. Answers for who,when, and what historical questions; for example, “Who was Satchel Paige?” or “When did the American League begin?” ====



[|Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression], Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

Click here for new Research on [|Social Media and the Spiral of Silence] from the Pew Research Internet Project (August 2014).



**Flipped Classrooms**
[|Eight Tips for Flipping Your American History Classroom] from the Organization of American Historians

[|Flipped Social Studies]

[|Start a Reading Revolution: Flip Your Class with Blogs]

[|Flipping a History Classroom]

[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Wiki_Loves_Earth_2014_01.jpg width="80" height="59"]]**Wikis as a Teaching Technology**
See [|Using Wikis in the Classroom]on YouTube

[|Wikis] from Center for Teaching, Vanderbilt University

[|Wikimedia Foundation and Its Projects], including Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, and Wikibooks

[|Teacher's Guide on the Use of Wikis in Education]

[|Teaching Wikipedia as a Research Tool]from Finding Dulcinea

[|Researching with Wikipedia]from Wikipedia makes the point that teachers and students should not use Wikipedia by itself for primary research (unless you are writing a paper about Wikipedia).

[|Teaching with Wikipedia]

Write an article for [|Wikinews], news stories for a global audience by citizen journalists.



[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Twitter_blue_bird_icon.svg/200px-Twitter_blue_bird_icon.svg.png width="40" height="40"]]**Twitter in the Classroom**
[|History in Haiku: The American Saga, Seventeen Syllables at a Time]. H.W. Brands, University of Texas is tweeting his haiku history.
 * Go here for his [|Twitter feed]

[|Strategies for using Twitter] from teaching history.org

[|Using Twitter in the History Classroom] reports on findings from the United Kingdom

Go to [|#28daysarenotenough] for tweets on African American history

How to Use Twitter to Search for Educational Content

**Polls and Surveys**
[|Cell Phones as Classroom Tools] Greg Kulowiec, Teaching History.org

Using a Backchannel

**Books and Resources**

//Wired Citizenship: Youth Learning and Activism in the Middle East//. Linda Herrera (ed.), Routledge, 2014

[|How to Upgrade Technology for the Internet Era]. Pia Mancini TED Talk, October 2014.