The+Environmental+Movement

** a. The Conservation Movement & the National Park Service **

 * ** Native Americans and Yellowstone National Park **

** c. The Post-War Period **

 * **Influential Literature page for Rachel Carson and Silent Spring**

** e. Environmental Protection Around the World **
> >
 * **Wangari Maathai and The Green Belt Movement (GBM)**


 * [[image:Hebrew_timeline2_rus.svg.png link="@http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/earth-days-modern-environmental-movement/"]]The Modern Environmental Movement,** PBS American Experience

[|PBS Lesson Plans - The Environment]

=a. The Conservation Movement & the National Park Service= - An Overview of the Conservation Movement - Lesson Plan on the History of Hetch Hetchy Valley

the action of conserving something, in particular.
 * Conservation Definition (Merriam Webster):**
 * "preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife."
 * "preservation, repair, and prevention of deterioration of archaeological, historical, and cultural sites and artifacts."
 * "prevention of excessive or wasteful use of a resource."


 * The Conservation Movement**
 * The **Progressive Era** ushered in a new American identity, one that used the teachings of romantic writers like Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, and John Burroughs as a foundation for understanding "American-ness."
 * Between 1850 and 1920, bustling, expanding cities, tales from Westward explorers, and a growing awareness of social justice and reforms **inspired Americans to learn about the Great American Wilderness.**
 * Issues surrounding logging, hunting, and fishing lead to conversations on **regulation.**
 * The desire to explore the American Wilderness, fostered by early conservationists, including Teddy Roosevelt, led to the establishment of the National Parks, forests, and legislation to protect wildlife and fish.
 * The movement's official beginning was the establishment of **Yellowstone National Park in 1872 (the world's first national park)**, of **Yosemite National Park in 1890**, and the creation of the **National Park Service in 1916.**

media type="custom" key="29640523" align="center"

Click here to learn more about the Conservation Movement, who was involved, and what it accomplished


 * [[image:Screen Shot 2017-03-23 at 1.58.11 PM.png link="@https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/history/events/native-history-yellowstone-national-park-created-on-sacred-land/"]]Yellowstone National Park Created on Sacred Land**


 * Tribal Leaders Urge Yellowstone Park Name Changes**

=b. The Post-War Period=
 * The rapid economic, industrial, and population growth during the Post-WWII period gathers attention on growing pollution of air and water.
 * Congress Passes the "Air Pollution Control Act" 1955 - Primary Source

media type="youtube" key="SeJNRaE11A0" width="560" height="315"
 * [[image:Female_Rose.png]]Rachel Carson - //Silent Spring. Link to Chapter 1 from PBS American Experience//**
 * During WWII and afterwards, the US government employed the chemical DDT, an artificial pesticide, to ward off mosquitos carrying malaria, to protecting crops from damaging insects
 * Author Rachel Carson learned scientists conducted studies on the effects of DDT in nature and the human body and found it to be dangerous
 * Carson wrote //Silent Spring// to warn about the overuse of pesticides and humans control of nature
 * This is the book which started the Environmental Movement
 * DDT would eventually be banned in 1977 after a decade of battles in Congress

=c. Modern Environmental Movement=
 * Environmentalism Definition (Merriam Webster):**
 * "a theory that views environment rather than heredity as the important factor in the development and especially the cultural and intellectual development of an individual or group"
 * "advocacy of the preservation, restoration, or improvement of the natural environment; especially : the movement to control pollution"


 * The Movement**
 * In the decades following //Silent Spring,// public consciousness of human interaction with the natural world grew rapidly.
 * The government passes more legislation for cleaner air and water, to protect endangered species, and to the funding of environmental studies.
 * Amidst opposition claiming everything from un-patriotism to a communist threat, the first Earth Day attracts over 20 million protestors to rally against environmental ignorance. Link to video for First Earth Day in Boston, from CBS News
 * media type="youtube" key="uYyNL17_AEU" width="560" height="315"
 * How were the protestors treated in Boston?
 * WATCH: President Nixon meets with Julie Nixon Eisenhower, discusses the environment
 * As the EPA continues to advance protections on wildlife, water, air, etc., **the conversation shifts to clean and renewable energy**.
 * The 1970s Energy Crisis - an overview
 * WATCH: Late 1970s PSA "Energy Crisis" from U.S. Department of Energy
 * The movement is often criticized for not having diversity, especially as it began at **the same time the Civil Rights Movement** was at its height.
 * READ MORE: The Presence of African American Men in the Environmental Movement (or Lack Thereof)
 * READ MORE: "Environmentalism's Racist History" the New Yorker

= =

=d. Environmental Protection Around the World= This documentary by 'American Masters' explores the involvement of women around in the world in the environmental movement.
 * [[image:Female_Rose.png]]Women in the Environmental Movement**
 * WATCH: a trailer for the documentary,**//** A Fierce Green Fire**//

**5 Women Who Have Revolutionized the Environmental Movement**
 * Rosalie Edge
 * Sylvia Earle
 * Wangari Maathai
 * Lois Gibbs
 * Vandana Shiva


 * Wangari Maathai and the Green Belt Movement **
 * "**The Green Belt Movement (GBM) was founded by Professor Wangari Maathai in 1977 under the auspices of the National Council of Women of Kenya (NCWK) to respond to the needs of rural Kenyan women who reported that their streams were drying up, their food supply was less secure, and they had to walk further and further to get firewood for fuel and fencing. GBM encouraged the women to work together to grow seedlings and plant trees to bind the soil, store rainwater, provide food and firewood, and receive a small monetary token for their work."

Watch video here media type="youtube" key="BQU7JOxkGvo" width="560" height="315"